分類說明
高考中對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的命題不可少,每年都有兩、三分。然而,命題一般都是以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主,把時(shí)態(tài)與語境結(jié)合起來,在復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意下面一些問題:
1.動(dòng)詞的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)的形式和意義:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);一般過去時(shí);一般將來時(shí);現(xiàn)任進(jìn)行時(shí);過去進(jìn)行時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);過去完成時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。并且,由此擴(kuò)充了解將來完成時(shí);將來進(jìn)行時(shí),將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí);過去將來完成時(shí)等。
2.掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語要求,特別是上下文中所暗含的時(shí)間。
3.注意并掌握句子中時(shí)態(tài)一致性的要求,如:賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:主句若為過去時(shí),從句必須用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí),但當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理時(shí),又可只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);時(shí)間、條件狀語中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)時(shí),從句片j一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);虛擬語氣中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:(見虛擬語氣)。
4,掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式和應(yīng)用。
(1)分清動(dòng)詞的詞性,熟悉并掌握常見的不及物動(dòng)詞happen,take place,occur,exist等,它們不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài);
(2)分清主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系;
(3)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,但有些不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞所形成的短語動(dòng)詞也可有被動(dòng)形式,此時(shí),變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后介詞不能丟;
(4)熟悉并掌握主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況,如:
A.及物動(dòng)詞read,write,sell,wash等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞,如:.
The pen _________well.
A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has written
B.做定語不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語時(shí)。如:
I have much work ________.
A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done
但當(dāng)不定的式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時(shí),則須用被動(dòng)語態(tài).如:
Do you have any work ________now? I’m free.
A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done
C.形容詞hard,difficult,interesting,exciting,surprising等后的不定式作語及worth后面的doing。
回放真題
真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷29)
--Thank goodness,you’re here! What _________you?
--Traffic jam.
A.keeps B.is keeping C.had kept D.kept
【答案及解析】 D選項(xiàng)A表示一種經(jīng)常的情況;B表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的事情;C表示過去某時(shí)間之前的行為;D表示一般過去的情況。根據(jù)前面句子可知,所問的是“你”來這兒之前的情況,故答案選D。
真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷31)
The house could fall down soon if no one ________ some quick repair work.
A.has done B.is doing C.does D.had done
【答案及解析】 C could在題干中表示推測(cè)(推測(cè)時(shí)間為現(xiàn)在),故從句采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),答案選C。
真題3(2004重慶卷22)
The crazy fans _________patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A.were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait
【答案及解析】 B從“they would wait till…”可知,他們?cè)诖酥熬鸵恢痹诘龋虼擞眠^去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
真題4(2004重慶卷23)
She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for an better job.
A.would change B.has changed C.changed D.was changing
【答案及解析】 c本句雖然表示過去的過去,但before連接的兩件事情時(shí)間聯(lián)系得很緊密,主句動(dòng)作是過去做完的動(dòng)作,不側(cè)重時(shí)間對(duì)比,故用一般過去時(shí)表示。
真題5(2004廣東卷21)
All the employees except the manage ________to work online at home.
A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.a(chǎn)re encouraged
【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)名詞1+介詞+名詞2作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由名詞1決定的原則,排除選項(xiàng)A、C;根據(jù)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系可知為被動(dòng)語態(tài),故答案選D。
真題6(2004福建卷21)
--You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh,I _________for a friend from England at the airport.
A.was waiting B.had waited C.a(chǎn)m waiting D.have waited
【答案及解析】 A根據(jù)上下句談及的是過去的事情,并且wait的動(dòng)作在drop之中發(fā)生,故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
真題7(2004湖北卷22)
He kept looking at her,wondering whether he ________her somewhere.
A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen
【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),可排除選項(xiàng)B、c;再根據(jù)句子的意思,可知:認(rèn)為見過她的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在當(dāng)時(shí)看她之前,因此答案選D。
真題8(2004湖北卷33)
--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?
--No,I ________. Did they have a big wedding?
A.was not invited B.have not been invited
C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite
【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)主、謂關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)D;再根據(jù)上旬,婚禮的舉行是在上周,那么,應(yīng)在上周以前邀請(qǐng)客人,須用過去完成時(shí),故答案選C。
真題9(2004遼寧卷28)
It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931) ________the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was
【答案及解析】D該題it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,根據(jù)句子及各選項(xiàng)的意思,答案選D。
真題10(2004浙汀卷23)
The discussion ________alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A.was coming B.had come C.has come D.came
【答案及解析】D選項(xiàng)A表示將來的情況;B表示過去的過去;C表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響;D表示過去某時(shí)的情況。
真題11(2004浙江卷34)
Because the shop ________, all the T-shins are sold at half price.
A.has closed down B.closed down
C.is closing down D.had closed down
【答案及解析】 C選項(xiàng)A、B表示已經(jīng)關(guān)閉停業(yè),與后面的“半價(jià)出售”矛盾;D表示過去某時(shí)之前的事情,句子中不存在;故答案選C,表示商店即將關(guān)閉停業(yè)。
真題12(2004江蘇卷26)
More patients in hospital this year than last veal.
A. treated B. have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子的意思,病人接受治療,而不是治療他人,故排除選項(xiàng)A、B;再根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間狀語可知,這里并沒有表示過去的過去,因此需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。意為:今年在醫(yī)院接受治療的病人比去年多。
真題13(2004江蘇卷34)
Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun
【答案及解析】 B when在此句中指前面主句中的since the early 1990s,為過去時(shí)。故本從句應(yīng)用過去式,答案選B。
真題14(2004廣西卷25)
--The window is dirty.
--I know.It ________for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned
【答案及解析】 D本題主要考查過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。過去時(shí)僅表過去發(fā)生過某事,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示:1、某一動(dòng)作雖發(fā)生在過去,但影響著現(xiàn)在;2、某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去持續(xù)劍現(xiàn)在。由語境可知,幾周以來,窗戶一直沒有被清潔。即答案為D。
真題15(全國(guó)[河南、河北、山東、福建]30)
My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ________ half of it.
A.was missing B.had missed C.will miss D.missed
【答案及解析】 D整個(gè)事情是過去的事,且是做過的事,故用一般過去時(shí),答案選D。
真題16(2004四川卷25)
--Has Sam finished his homework today?
--I have no idea.He ________it this morning.
A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done
【答案及解析】c根據(jù)前句:我不知道,可看出答案選c,表示過去一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
真題17(2004四川卷30)
I ________you not to move my dictionary-now I can’t find it.
A.a(chǎn)sked B.a(chǎn)sk C.was asking D.had asked
【答案及解析】 A asked表示過去,與句中的時(shí)間狀語now相對(duì)應(yīng)。
真題18(2004四川卷34)
According to the art dealer,the painting __________to go for at least a million dollars.
A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting
【答案及解析】A the painting是物,它自己不能預(yù)期、期望,故要用被動(dòng)。
真題19(2004上海卷29)
The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________increased enormously ever since.
A.is B.was C.has been D.had been
【答案及解析】 C句子后面的ever since意為:從那以后,須與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。
真題20(2004上海卷30) ;
The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A.persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.a(chǎn)re persuaded
【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)句子意思及結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)該是說服人們而不是人們說服他人,因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);而本題屬于真實(shí)條件,不是虛擬語氣,故排除選項(xiàng)C。答案選D。
真題21(2004天津卷28)
--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and to take a shower.
A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting
【答案及解析】D用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)。
真題22(2004北京卷22)
--What’s that terrible noise?
--The neighbors ________for a party.
A.have prepared B.a(chǎn)re preparing C.prepare D.will prepare
【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)語境可知,對(duì)方問的是目前的情況,因此,告訴對(duì)方鄰居正在為聚會(huì)作準(zhǔn)備而弄出來的聲音,故用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
真題23(2004北京卷25) :
Now that she is out of a job,Lucy ________going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
【答案及解析】 B Lucy現(xiàn)在還沒決定,一直在考慮重新求學(xué)的事,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
真題24(2004北京卷27)
The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been completed D.will have completed
【答案及解析】 C此題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。by+時(shí)間狀語,主句謂語用相應(yīng)的完成時(shí)態(tài)。by2006意思是:到2006年底前,是將來時(shí),而工作本身不能完成,是被人完成,故用將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
真題25(2004湖南卷31)
--I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--Oh,how nice! Do you know when she ________.
A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.1eft
【答案及解析】D考查時(shí)態(tài)。首先根據(jù)賓語從句的連接詞排除選項(xiàng)B、c;再根據(jù)E句的意思:她已經(jīng)去那,故答案選D。
真題26(2004北京春季卷21)
How can you possibly miss the news? It ________on TV all day long.
A.has been B.had been C.was D.will be
【答案及解析】 A從上句的how can及時(shí)態(tài)、下一句的時(shí)間狀語all day long可以看出本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
真題27(2004北京春季卷24)
--Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.
--Where was I?
--You ________you didn’t like your father’s job.
A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying
【答案及解析】c本題的語境是兩個(gè)人在談話,其中一個(gè)的話被另一個(gè)打斷,然后再問自己剛才說到哪兒了(Where were I?),因此得到的回答應(yīng)為“你剛才說到……”(You were saying...),有一些短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表“剛剛在……”,如:were not noticing(剛剛沒注意到)。
真題28(2004北京春季卷30)
I arrived late;I ________the road to be so icy.
A.wouldn’t expect B.haven’t expect
C.hadn’t expected D.wasn’t expecting
【答案及解析】C “我”之所以arrived late,是因?yàn)椤拔摇痹诖酥?即過去的過去)沒有料到路上結(jié)了這么厚的冰,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。
真題29(2004北京春季卷34)
I ________while reading the English textbook.Luckily,my roommate woke me up in time!
A.had fallen asleep B.have fallen asleep
C.fell asleep D.fall asleep
【答案及解析】 C從第二句luckily,my roommate woke me up in time可以看出在此之前,“我”曾入睡了。故本題應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
真題30(2004上海春季卷31)
There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,________?
A.didn’t they B.don’t they C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they
【答案及解析】D must表推測(cè)時(shí),反意疑問句的簡(jiǎn)短疑問部分依m(xù)ust后面的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語確定。本題must后面是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從前句可知是現(xiàn)在的情況,故答案選D。
真題31(2004上海春季卷33)
Although he has lived with us for years,he ________us much impression.
A.hadn’t left B.didn’t leave C.doesn’t leave D.hasn’t left
【答案及解析】C選項(xiàng)A為過去的過去;B表示過去,與前面從句的內(nèi)容矛盾;D表過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,均與題意不符,兇此,答案選C,表示現(xiàn)在通常的情況。
真題32(2003全國(guó)卷24)
--Sorry,J0e.I didn’t mean to…
--Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr. Parker to you,and ________you forget it!
A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t
【答案及解析】 D 考查感嘆疑問句的用法。其形式雖是疑問,實(shí)則表示感嘆。它多以否定詞Don’t開頭并以感嘆號(hào)結(jié)尾,其表達(dá)的意義則是肯定。譯文 “對(duì)不起,喬,我的意思不是……”,“不要叫我喬。對(duì)你來說我是帕克先生,你可不要忘了!”
真題33(2003全國(guó)卷27)
All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness____.
A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown
【答案及解析】C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。從題干中可看出(waited)事情發(fā)生存過;去,而且主句和從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,選項(xiàng)A、B表示現(xiàn)在的情況,根據(jù)前面的時(shí)問狀語予以排除;選項(xiàng)D表示過去的過去,與題意不符,因而只能選C。譯文:整個(gè)上午她都在等著大夫的體檢報(bào)告,不安的心情與時(shí)俱增。
真題34(2003全國(guó)卷30) ;
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days.
A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed
【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。stay在此為系動(dòng)詞,既沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),也沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí),與will一起構(gòu)成將來時(shí),表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。譯文:為什么你沒有把肉放在冰箱里?(在冰箱里)它可以保鮮好幾天。
真題35(2003北京卷22)
At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic.
A.we’re going to fly B.we’11 be flying
C.we’11 fly D.we’re to fly
【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)。情景提示在句子開頭at this time tomorrow,表示將來某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用將來進(jìn)行時(shí),彤式是shall/will be doing。
真題36(2003北京卷25)
--________David and Vicky ________married?
--For about three years.
A.How long were;being B.How long have;got
C.How long have;been D.How long did;get
【答案及解析】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。從答語For about three years判斷,該題問的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多久,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除A、D選項(xiàng)。get married強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)婚這一動(dòng)作,不能延續(xù),排除B。be married表示已婚的狀態(tài),可以延續(xù)。
真題37(2003北京卷26)
The news came as no surprise to me.I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down。
A had known B.knew C.have known D.know
【答案及解析】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我對(duì)這個(gè)消息一點(diǎn)都不吃驚,我早就知道這家工廠將會(huì)倒閉的。know 這一動(dòng)作先于came 這一過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,用過去完成時(shí)。答案為A。
真題38(2003上海卷30)
It believed that if a book is ________ it will surely the reader.
A.interested:interest B.interesting;be interested
C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest
【答案及解析】D interesting與interested都是形容詞,但interesting主語是物,一般說sth is interesting,interested主語是人,一般說be interested in sth,故前二空格應(yīng)用interesting;interest是動(dòng)詞形式,意為“吸引,使感興趣”。故選D。
真題39(2003上海卷32) .
I thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he ________lt.
A.doesn’t mention B.hadn’t mentioned
C.didn’t mention D.hasn’t mentioned
【答案及解析】c根據(jù)作者的語氣判斷,這里描述的是一種過去發(fā)生的情況,并未強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過去或現(xiàn)在造成什么影響,因此用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
真題40(2003北京春季卷26)
--When will you come to see me,Dad?
--1 will go to see you when you ________the training course
A.will have finished B.will finish
C.a(chǎn)re finishing D.finish
【答案及解析】D考查從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。英語中狀語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。同理,用一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí),其它如主、定等從旬不受限制。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
真題41(2003北京春季卷27)
--How long ________at this job?
--Since 1990.
A.were you employed B.have you been employed
C.had you been employed D.will you be employed
【答案及解析】B since后可加過去時(shí)間,也可加從句,從句中要用一般過去式,而主句要用現(xiàn)在完成式。根據(jù)Since 1990可確定為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
真題42(2003安徽春季卷21)
With the rapid growth of population,the city ________in all directions in the past five years.
A spreads B. has spread C spread D. had spread
【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the past five years可以知道這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在以現(xiàn)在為立足點(diǎn)的時(shí)間軸的過去,且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
真題43(2003安徽春季卷33)
The silence of the library ________only by the sound of pages being turned over.
A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken
【答案及解析】D從題意可看出圖書館的安靜是被翻書聲打破的,要用被動(dòng),排除B、C,再?gòu)腷eing turned over可看出不必用完成時(shí),排除A。
真題44(2003上海春季卷27)
By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ________in Beijing.
A.would be completed B.was being completed
C.has been completed D.had been completed
【答案及解析】D by意為“到……為止”。by后加過去時(shí)間,主句用過去完成時(shí);如by后加現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如by后加將來時(shí),主句要用將來完成時(shí)。by the end of last year常與過去完成時(shí)連用。表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)期前已完成的動(dòng)作。
真題45(2003上海春季卷28)
When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet。
A.a(chǎn)re not decided B.have not been decided
C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
【答案及解析】D 根據(jù)副詞yet可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除A、c;不定式,動(dòng)名詞及從句作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞按單數(shù)處理,when and where to do sth.表示單數(shù),要用has not been decided。
真題46(2002全國(guó)卷23)
--You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? I
--I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say
【答案及解析】D由于在問句中既使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),使一些考生產(chǎn)生了誤解。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,過去對(duì)新大衣沒作任何評(píng)價(jià),造成的影響是對(duì)方不知道究竟對(duì)新大衣是什么看法,所以要用一般過去時(shí)didn’t say。sooner表示“快,早”,不表示“將來”所以不能選won’t say。
真題47(2002全國(guó)卷29)
I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now。
A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write
C.won’t write D.hadn’t written
【答案及解析】 A時(shí)間狀語recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。We should have heard from her by now的意思是“目前我們應(yīng)該收到她的信了。”一些考生把should have heard from her理解成“本來不該收到她的信而收到了”,發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤。should在這里用于表示可能性、估計(jì)、猜測(cè)或推論,答案為A。
真題48(2002北京卷21)
The little girl ________her heart out because she ________her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost
C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost
【答案及解析】B 根據(jù)所提供的情景 she wasn’t ever going to find it可以確定 哭”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。丟失玩具熊發(fā)生在“哭”之前,所以用過去完成時(shí)。
真題49(2002北京卷23)
--Excuse me.sir.Would you do me a favor7
--Of course.What is it?
--I _________if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder
【答案及解析】 B在這個(gè)句子中用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在對(duì)方問話之前自己已在思考著這樣一件事。What is it?用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),給試題增加了一定的難度。按常理答案應(yīng)為I wonder if...,但無此選項(xiàng)。A,C不合題意;D項(xiàng)用了did作強(qiáng)調(diào),從上下文看沒此必要,這里用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示提出請(qǐng)求前的想法。
真題50(2002上海卷23)
He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year.
A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate
【答案及解析】C by the time后接定語從句,省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這種定語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。譯文:到明年畢業(yè)之前,他已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語。
真題51(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷25)
John and I ________ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at Christmas party.But we ________each other a couple of times before that.
A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seen
C.hadbeen:had seen D.have been;had seen
【答案及解析】D 前者與一段時(shí)間狀語for eight years連用,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);后者表示在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見過,是過去的過去,用過去完成時(shí)。
真題52(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷27)
This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He ________trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing
【答案及解析】C從句意知Ted已經(jīng)死了發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來說,應(yīng)用被動(dòng),所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般過去時(shí)。
真題53(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷31)
--How are the team playing?
--They’re playing well, but one of them ________hurt.
A.got B.gets C.a(chǎn)re D.were
【答案及解析】 A one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),所以排除C和D,got hurt“受傷”,get后接過去分詞表被動(dòng)。受傷的事發(fā)生在過去,用一般過去時(shí)。
真題54(2002上海春季卷30)
Rainforests ________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B.a(chǎn)re cut C.a(chǎn)re being cut D.had been cut
【答案及解析】 c這句話的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來它們將會(huì)消失。”從句子的語境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可判斷,要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示現(xiàn)正在發(fā)生的事對(duì)將來可能造成的影響。
真題55(2002上海春季卷31)
How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A.has B.had C.will have D.had had
【答案及解析】 B wish后接從句常用虛擬語氣,表示這只是說話人的一種愿望。具體用法:如果從句中動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過去時(shí);與將來事實(shí)相反用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形;與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)或would/could +have done。譯文:我多么希望每個(gè)家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子。
真題56(2002上海春季卷36)
It ________long before we ________the result of the experiment.
A.will not be;will know B.is:will know
C.will not be;know D.is:know
【答案及解析】 C這句話的意思是“我們將在不久知道試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果”。所以要用一般將來時(shí)。It will not be long是主句,意思是“不久”;在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
真題57(2001全國(guó)卷24)
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.
A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change
【答案及解析】 A句中的謂語動(dòng)詞部分...is no easy task,謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種 “含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”,狀語從句中說明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”,應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài),體現(xiàn)了“變化;趨勢(shì);發(fā)展和進(jìn)展”。
真題58(2001全國(guó)卷30)
I ______ping-pong quite well,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A.will play B.have played C.played D.play
【答案及解析】 D從常識(shí)看,一個(gè)人一旦獲得了某種技能,這種技能就會(huì)保持很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,而不因短期內(nèi)不訓(xùn)練而失去,雖然“我”今年沒有時(shí)問訓(xùn)練,但乒乓球一直打得很好,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
真題59(2001全國(guó)卷32)
Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.
A.will request B. request C.a(chǎn)re requesting D.a(chǎn)re requested
【答案及解析】D request意為“要求”,是及物動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)是:要么帶賓語,要么用被動(dòng)(無賓語時(shí)))。這句話的意思是參觀者被要求不能觸摸展覽品,所以用被動(dòng)。
真題60(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷12)
Hundreds of jobs ________if the factory closes.
A.lose B.will be lost C.a(chǎn)re lost D.will lose
【答案及解析】B在if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用一般將來時(shí);而且主語是jobs,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
真題6l(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷15)
I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I ________my mum.
A.a(chǎn)m taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken
【答案及解析】 A用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的情況。答案為A。
真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷17)
A new cinema ________here.They hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built
【答案及解析】 D They hope to finish it next month.說明電影院還在建設(shè)之中,所以從時(shí)態(tài)上講是進(jìn)行時(shí);另外從語態(tài)上講為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
真題63(2001上海春季卷26)
The new suspension bridge ________by the end of last month.
A.has been designed B.had been designed
C.was designed D.would be designed
【答案及解析】 B在含有by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。譯文:到上月為止已完成了吊橋設(shè)計(jì)。
真題64(2001上海春季卷35)
If a man ________succeed,he must work as hard as he can.
A.will B.is to C.is going to D.should
【答案及解析】B狀語從句中不能用將來時(shí),如強(qiáng)調(diào)意愿,可用will;如強(qiáng)調(diào)某種決心、意向,要用be to do sth.表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性等。譯文:如果一個(gè)人想成功,他必須盡力而為。所以要用is 10 succeed的形式。
真題65(2000全國(guó)卷13)
--You’ve left the light on.
--Oh,so I have.--and turn it off.
A.I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I go D.I’m going
【答案及解析】A先排除B,因它與and后的turn it off講不通;從句意知燈還沒關(guān),所以他將去關(guān)掉它,故C排除;A和D均表將來,但will注重純粹時(shí)間上的將來,而be goingto則強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃和打算,再說和turn off不并列,只有A最準(zhǔn)確。答案為A。
真題66(2000全國(guó)卷20)
--How are you today?
--0h, ________as ill as I do now for a very long timc.
A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling
C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt
【答案及解析】D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。從句子的意思可知,從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始,已經(jīng)病了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
真題67(2000全國(guó)卷25)
The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when he saw it.
A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel
【答案及解析】 A敘述報(bào)告者當(dāng)時(shí)看到UFO的情景,要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案為A。
真題68(2000上海卷24)
My uncle ________until he was forty-five.
A.married B.didn’t marry C.was not marrying D.would marry
【答案及解析】 B選用句型“…until”或“not…until”的關(guān)鍵是判斷謂語動(dòng)詞是否可延續(xù),如可延續(xù)就用“...until”;反之,用“not…until”。動(dòng)詞nmn-y(與……結(jié)婚,要……嫁給…)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所以要用didn’t marry。
真題69(2000上海卷36)
If only he _________quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.
A.1ies B.1ay C.had lain D.should lie
【答案及解析】C “If only…”表示虛擬語氣;“he would not suffer so much now中“now"表示現(xiàn)在的狀況。這樣,條件部分就是與過去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示。
真題70(2000京、皖春季卷9)
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon ________to his old ways.
A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned
【答案及解析】A比較兩個(gè)并列句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,都表過去發(fā)生的事,所以用一般過去時(shí)。
真題71(2000京、皖春季卷14)
--You’re drinking too much.
--Only at home.No one _______me but you.
A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw
【答案及解析】 C從句子的意思可知,此人愛喝酒是一種習(xí)慣,表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故排除B、D;又從only at home可知他總是在家喝.所以每次喝時(shí)就只有“你”看見了。
真題72(2000京、皖春季卷19)
All the preparations for the task ________,and we’re ready to start.
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
【答案及解析】D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去所做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。從后句and we’re ready to start的意思可知,一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒,可以開始工作了。