作者:時永春
名詞性從句除可由that引導(dǎo)外,其余主要由wh-型連接詞(whether, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why)引導(dǎo)。(how雖非以wh-開頭,但其用法與when,where,why相似,我們可將其劃為同一類型。)
一、wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的功能分類
1. 主語從句
Who will be elected matters a lot. 誰將當選關(guān)系重大。
2. 賓語從句
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 你能告訴我怎么去車站嗎?
3. 表語從句
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
4. 同位語從句(用在doubt, idea, message, question等名詞后)
I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我們該干什么。
二、名詞性從句難點分析
1. that與wh-型引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,that一般僅起連接作用,不作句子成分,無任何含義;而wh-型引導(dǎo)詞各具不同含義,除whether外,都作從句之句子成分。
It's well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. 是什么控制著大氣層內(nèi)外二氧化碳的流動,這一點現(xiàn)今已很清楚了。
That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 國與國之間時尚的不同,或許會從一方面反映出文化的不同。
2. what / which / who(m) / whose與whatever / whichever / who(m)ever / whosever兩類關(guān)聯(lián)詞的差異
1) what與whatever僅含義有所不同。what或表示疑問意義"什么",或相當于the thing(s) that; whatever相當于anything / everything that, 強調(diào)"無論什么"。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 電腦只能做你指令它做的事情。
It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 無論孩子要什么都滿足其要求被普遍認為是不明智的。
2) which / who(m) / whose引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,整個從句作主句的一個句子成分,而從句仍具疑問意義;whichever / who(m)ever / whosever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,
強調(diào)"無論......;不管......",而且引導(dǎo)詞及其所修飾的詞可起雙重作用:既作從句之句子成分,又作主句之句子成分。
Do you know who all these people are?你知道這些人都是誰嗎?
I'll take whoever wants to go there. 誰想去那兒我就帶誰去。
3. whether與if的異同
whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句,當從句位于句首時whether不可用if替換;if一般只有在動詞后的賓語從句和以it作形式主語的主語從句中可代替whether。
Whether he is fit for the job is a question. 他是否勝任這份工作是個問題。
It hasn't been decided whether / if we'll attend the meeting. 我們是否將出席會議還沒有決定下來。