何堪美

（1） --- 基本概念、難點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)較為復(fù)雜的連接詞的理解。 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞較為復(fù)雜，尤其要注意某些關(guān)聯(lián)詞之間的區(qū)別。 連接詞: when; whenever; as; while; until; once; as soon as; before; after; since; ever since; … 例句： * I’ll tell him when /as soon as /after he comes back. *Boards are laid down to protect the stones while the repair work is going on. (while此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)在…期間。) *As he spoke two men came down the garden path. (As此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。) *He was about to leave when the telephone rang. （when此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)。） * Three months passed before I realized it. * It’ll be years before we can see each other again. （以上兩句中的before基本含義是“在… 之前”，但在中文表達(dá)上卻要有十分靈活的譯法, 如第一句譯為“不知不覺三個(gè)月過(guò)去了。第二句譯為 “我們要過(guò)好多年才能再見。） * I have been writing a play ever since / since I came over. (ever since 是since 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，意為“自從… 起至今”，since/ever since 引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。) * Once you begin you couldn’t stop. （once 意為“一旦”，= from the moment that ） * Whenever he stayed home in the evening he went to bed early. (這里需注意whenever與 when的區(qū)別。whenever = any time when,指多次。when則指某一次如：When he stayed home last Sunday　evening, he went to bed early.) * He didn’t leave until I came back ( not… until意為“直到……才”全句譯為“他直到我回來(lái)才走。”上面的句子還可以用另種方式表達(dá)He stayed until I came back.可以看出didn’t leave = stayed, until是指主句的動(dòng)作直延續(xù)until后的動(dòng)作發(fā)生為止 練習(xí)（練習(xí)答案在本單元結(jié)束時(shí)給出。） 1. She comes to　talk to me ___ she feels lonely 2. ____ you object to （反對(duì)）a man, everything he does is wrong。 3. We haven’t seen each other _____we saw last。 4. I never ______ yesterday spoke of it to anyone. 5. I will be kind to him _____ you are away. 6. I will tell him about it ___ he comes back. 7. It was a long time ___ I got to sleep again. 8. It won’t be long ___ you’ll have to recycle your rubbish. ２．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 連接詞 where, wherever 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞較為簡(jiǎn)單wherever = any where 練習(xí)： 1. Wuhan lies ___ the Changjiang and Han River meet. 2. ______ I live there are plenty of sheep. 3. _____ I am I will be thinking of you. 4. They went ______ they could find work. ３．原因狀語(yǔ)從句 連接詞 because; as; since; now that（既然）; for 例句：

*He didn’t go to school because his mother was ill. （because從句表主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的直接原因，常常位于主句后.） *Since /Now that/ As you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else. （since, as, no that意為“既然”，它們表原因的口氣較because弱，它們引導(dǎo)的從句常常位于主句之前。） * It must be 6 o’clock in the morning, for the birds are singing. （顯然for引導(dǎo)的從句the birds are singing決不是It must be 6 o’clock的直接原因，而是表說(shuō)話人在主句中表達(dá)的推測(cè)的根據(jù). 練習(xí)： 1. _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting。 2. I do it _____I like it. 3. He must have realized my surprise, ______ he smiled as he repaired my shoes. 4. He must have arrived in Shanghai, _____ he left two days ago. 4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 連接詞： if; unless ; as (so) long as (只要)；suppose ( 假設(shè)); on condition that (條件是); … 例句： * You’ll be late unless you hurry. * You’ll be late if you don’t hurry. (可以看出　unless = if … not ) * As (So) long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to solve the problem. ( as (so) long as 意為　“只要… 就…”) * Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? (suppose 意為　“萬(wàn)一”　“假設(shè)”) * We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. 　(on condition that在此句中可譯為“如果”，但其實(shí)際含義為“以…為條件”。) 練習(xí)： 1. I am happy _______ you are happy. 2. _______ your father saw you what would he say? 3. He was allowed to go swimming _____ he kept near the other boys. 練習(xí)答案： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1. whenever 2. Once 3. since / ever since 4. until 5. while 6. when / after/ as soon as 7. before 8. before 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)（2）

--- 基本概念、難點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句

連接詞：

in order that; so that; that; in case (以免)； for fear that (唯恐)；…

例句：

*Let’s hurry so that / in order that / that we can catch the early bus.

(so that = in order that, that 是so that 的省略形式)

* We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, for fear that it might start trouble.

(顯然, for fear that 與上句中的關(guān)聯(lián)詞含義正好相反,表達(dá)“擔(dān)心”或“不愿發(fā)生”的結(jié)果。)

* Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

（in case 意為 “以防萬(wàn)一”）

練習(xí)：

1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _____.

2. He is working hard ______ he should fall behind.

3. We sent the letter by air mail _______ it might reach them in good time.

6. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

連接詞：

so… that; such… that; so that; that; so;…

例句：

* We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

* He was so excited that he could hardly go to sleep.

* He didn’t plan the time well, so that (so) he didn’t finish the work on time.

* What has happened that you all look so excited?

( so that 既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句, 一般講,表目的狀語(yǔ)從句中有may, might, can, could 出現(xiàn), 如: We sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in good time. 另外, 表結(jié)果時(shí), 還可用 that或so, 它們相當(dāng)于 so that.)

練習(xí)：

1. He got up late _____ he missed the early bus.

2. This is ______ a good film _____ everybody wants to see it.

7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

連接詞：

though (although); 雖然

even if (even though); 即使;即便

no matter(who/ what/ where/ …); 無(wú)論誰(shuí) (什么, 哪 …)

( = whoever; whatever, wherever, …)

例句：

* Although/ though I tried several times, I failed in the end.

* Even if he comes here, he won’t help us.

* However much I tried, I failed to work it out.

* No matter where he goes, he is always ready to help others.

練習(xí)：

1. We’ll try to finish the work in time ____ we are short of manpower.

2. You mustn’t be conceited (驕傲)______ you’ve achieved great success.

3. Do what you think is right ______ difficulties you may have.

練習(xí)答案:

目的狀語(yǔ)從句

1. in case 2. for fear that 3. so that / that / in order that

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

1. so that / so / that 2. such … that

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

1. though; although / even if; even though

( though; although 表示我們?nèi)比耸? 雖然缺, 也要盡力完成工作. ; even if; even though 則表示我們不一定缺人手, 即便缺,也要…)

2. though; although / even if; even though (區(qū)別同上)

3. whatever / no matter what

狀語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)（3）

--- 基本概念檢測(cè)

I. 單項(xiàng)選擇

1. _____ Mary is grown up, it doesn’t mean that she can do whatever she likes.

A. Because B. After C. Though D. Since

2. You had better go home and feed the cat ______ it decides to bite the furniture.

A. until B. before C. after D. when

3. Let’s begin our class ______ everybody is here.

A. although B. until C. even if D. now that

4. He was about to leave _______ I got there.

A. until B. when C. before D. as soon as

5. _____ days went on, the weather got worse.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

6. I will start to work ______ I am given enough money.

A. unless B. though C. as long as D. even if

7. He never thought that his success came ______ he least wanted it.

A. while B. until C. since D. when

8. It will not be long _______ we meet again.

A. before B. soon C. since D. after

9. You are going to miss the bus ______ you hurry.

A. even B. if C. how D. unless

10. ______ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.

A. However B. What C. Whatever D. No matter

11. You may leave the classroom when you ____ writing.

A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished

12. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

13. She was ill, ______ she didn’t come to school this morning.

A. since B. because C. as D. for

14. Write clearly ______ your teacher can understand you correctly.

A. since B. for C. because D. so that

15. Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?

A. that B. where C. which D. when

16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.

A. when B. where C. then D. there

17. ________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.

A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even

18. --- What was the party like?

--- Wonderful. It was years _______ I had enjoyed myself so much.

A. after B. when C. before D. since

19. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

20. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France.

A. as B. that C. during D. if

21. --- I’m going to the post office.

--- _______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

22. The WTO cannot live up to its name _______ it does not include a country that is

home to one fifth of mankind.

A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though

23. --- I got ________ I am by hard work.

--- No, you didn’t. You got ________ with your father’s money.

A. there; where B. where; there C. there; there D. where; where

24. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as

25. I ________ to bed until father came back.

A. went B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. would go

26. I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her ________ she is.

A. unless B. in case C. if D. although

27. ________ I live, I will work for my country.

A. So far B. So long as C. If D. While

28. Most plants need sunlight just _______ they need water.

A. because B. when C. as D. for

29. ________ you are willing to bring your camera, we could still take some pictures.

A. Although B. Because C. No matter how D. Whether or not

30. _______ I tried, I couldn’t fill the pen with ink.

A. Whatever B. However C. When D. Whenever

答案:

1---5 CBDBD 6---10 CDADC 11---15 CDDDD

16---20 DBDBA 21---25 BCBAC 26---30 BBCDB

注釋:

No. 5 : as 意為 “隨著”

No. 7: when 指時(shí)間的 “一點(diǎn)”, 此句指 “他在最不抱希望的那一刻獲得了成功.”

No. 11 : 狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作如發(fā)生在將來(lái),時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 如強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的

結(jié)果, 可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

No. 12: 注意，所有從句都要用陳述語(yǔ)序，另外，however 與late 不可分。

No. 13: She was ill, 實(shí)際是說(shuō)話人的一種推測(cè)，即：She must have been ill.

No. 15:job 后非定語(yǔ)從句，故A和C都是錯(cuò)誤的，全句意為“當(dāng)（時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)）

你已經(jīng)得到這么好的工作的時(shí)候，干嗎還要再找新的工作呢？”

No. 19:as well as 引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語(yǔ)從句。全句意為“ John踢足球如果不比David

好，至少也和他一樣好。

No. 21:對(duì)話第一句表明對(duì)話前者已決定去郵局，故D錯(cuò)；另外去郵局和幫買郵

票也不存在因果關(guān)系，故C錯(cuò)；while 此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“在… 期間”。

No.24: 全句意為“既然(now that)你能得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你也完全可以充分利

用它。

No. 28: as 意為“正如”。

No. 29: we could still take some pictures 意為“我們?nèi)耘f可以照相”，由此判定從

句意為“無(wú)論你愿不愿意帶相機(jī)”， 故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

由以上分析可以看出，狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞的確定主要取決于句子的含義，在有上下文時(shí)，更要注意上下文的提示作用；而正確理解狀語(yǔ)從句的含義，對(duì)于理解結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的文章則起著至關(guān)重要的作用。

1. where 2. Where 3. Wherever 4. where 或