重點詞語用法

1．gain, earn, get ＆ win

1)earn 意為“賺得”，表示經艱苦努力所得的報償。

① He earns up to $ 50 , 000 a year by writing stories.

他靠寫小說，一年收入高達五萬元。

2)gain指在斗爭，競爭中作出很大努力而“獲得”，所得的東西常具有一定價值。

① I' m new in the job but I' m already gaining experience.

這行當我是新手，不過我已經有點門道了。

3)get為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。

① Please get me a glass of water. 請給我拿杯水。

4)win含有取勝的一方具有優越的特質或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。

① His perseverance won him many friends and a gold medal.

他因為堅韌不拔而贏得了一枚獎章，并且結識了不少朋友。

2．follow的用法

1)follow 作“跟隨”解。

① I'll lead the way, you just follow.

我來帶路，你們跟著。

② The boy followed his father out.

男孩跟著父親出去了。

③ One misfortune followed another.

不幸的事一件接著一件。

2)follow 還可作“沿著，遵循，照……辦”解。

① Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left.

沿著這條路走到拐角處，然后向左轉。

②These orders must be followed at once.

這些命令必須立即照辦。

③ You must follow the instructions.

你必須按指示辦事。

④ You' d better follow the teacher' s advice.

你最好聽從老師的勸告。

3)follow 還表示“聽懂，理解”，與understand同義

① Can you follow me? 你們聽得懂嗎？

② Do you follow what I am saying?

我說的話你聽得懂嗎？

4)following與the連用，意為“下面的，以下的”。

①In the following year the war came to an end.

次年戰爭結束了。

②It rained on the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny.

我們到的那天正下雨，次日天氣晴朗。

③The following is /are important. 下面的很重要。

④Answer the following question (s).

回答下列問題。

⑤The three following sentences are difficult.

下面三句話很難。

5)as follows 是固定習語，意為“如下”。

①The rule is as follows. 規則如下。

② The rules are as follows. 規則如下。

③The full text reads as follows. 全文如下。

3．generation

1)generation 用作名詞，意為“同時代人，一代，一代人”是可數名詞。

①Three generations of the family have been born and brought up in this old house. 這個家族的三代人都是在這個老房子里出生和成長的。

②It took three generations to build the great temple.

建造這座大寺院花了三代人的時間。

③China is building up a new generation of scientists.

中國正在造就新一代科學家。

④The new computers are much better in performance than the previous generation. 新的計算機在性能方面比上一代產品好得多。

⑤My generation behaves differently from my father' s and grandfather's.

我這一代人和我父輩和祖輩表現不同。

2)generation 還可表示“產生(熱)，發(電)，繁殖(后代)，是個不可數名詞。

①Steam and water are used for the generation of electricity.

蒸汽和水力可用來發電。

②The biology class studied the generation of fruit flies.

生物班的學生研究了果蠅的繁殖。

4．perform 的用法

perform [p+'f&:m]vt．執行，完成，做；演出，表演。例如：

①They always perform their experiments with great patience.

他們總是很耐心地做實驗。

②The computer performs these calculations with surprising speed.

計算機以驚人的速度完成這些演算。

③The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.

外科醫生正在施行一項危險的手術。

④What play will be performed tonight?

今晚演出什么戲？

⑤The singer had never performed in Beijing before.

這位歌唱家以前從未在北京演唱過。

⑥He will be performing on the flute tonight.

今晚他將演奏笛子。

5．praise的用法

praise [preiz] vt．贊揚，表揚。例如：

①He was praised for his good works.

他因優秀的作品而受到稱贊。

②Our friends praised the concert as the best they had listened to.

我們的朋友稱贊說，這是他們所聽過的最好的一場音樂會。

③They praised him for risking his life to save his comrade.

他們稱贊他冒著生命危險去搶救自己的同志。

④He was praised for finishing his work ahead of time.

他由于提前完成工作而受到表揚。

【注意】 praise 還可以用作名詞，意為“贊揚；贊揚的話”。例如：

①My books received high praise from general readers.

我的書極受廣大讀者的稱贊。

②The teacher's praise has greatly encouraged us.

老師的稱贊對我們鼓舞很大。

6．nowadays的用法

nowadays [nau+'deiz] adv．表示與以前相比，意為“時下；現今”，

常與一般現在時動詞連用。例如：

①Nowadays a lot of people go abroad.

時下有很多人出國。

②Nowadays young people prefer watching TV to reading books.

現今年輕人喜歡看電視而不喜歡看書。

③In some parts of the world nowadays, you often see musicians performing in the streets to passers-by. 現在世界上有些地區，你還可以經常看到音樂家在街頭為行人演奏。

④They used to read novels, but nowadays they read newspapers.

他們過去通常讀小說，而現在他們看報紙了。

7．Otherwise

1)為連詞，意為“否則”、“不然”。相當于or，or else。

①Do what you've been told; otherwise you will be punished.

照吩咐的去做，否則你將受到懲罰。

②Hurry up, otherwise you'll be late.

趕快，否則你要遲到了。

③Otherwise he would still be working because his heart and soul were still in the classroom with his students. 不然，他肯定還會繼續工作下去，因為他的心仍在教室里和他的學生們在一起。

④Don' t move, otherwise I'll shoot you.

別動，否則我開槍打死你。

2)otherwise 還可作副詞用，意為“在其它方面”、“在不同情況之下”。

如：

①The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.

租金是挺高的，但話說回來，這屋子還是令人滿意的。

②The boy is naughty, but otherwise he is always doing well as he is told.

這孩子很頑皮，但從另一方面說，他總是按照吩咐把事情做得很好。

3)otherwise 也可作“不同地”、“不那樣”、“用其它的方法”解釋。

如：

①He should have been working, but he was otherwise engaged.

他應該已經在工作，但是他在忙別的事情。

②It is clear that you think otherwise.

很清楚，你有不同的想法。

8．part作為動詞時的用法

1) part 意為“(使)分開，分道”，常用 part sth. from sth., part sb. 如：

①The crowd parted and let us through.

人群分開讓我們通過。

②We tried to part the two fighters.

我們試圖把兩個打架的人分開。

③The police parted the crowd. 警察排開眾人。

④The English Channel parts Britain from France.

英吉利海峽把英法兩國分開。

⑤His hair was parted exactly in the middle.

他的頭發在正中分開。

2)part 還可作“分手”、“斷絕關系”解釋。如：

① The little boy wouldn' t be parted from his pet rabbit.

這個小男孩不愿和他心愛的兔子分開。

②They were parted as children and didn' t meet again for more than 20 years.

他們在童年時分手后，二十多年未見過面。

③Let's part friends. 讓我們和和氣氣地分開。

3)part with 作“離開…”、“放棄”解。

①He hates to part with his money. 他極不喜歡花錢。

②In order to raise money, Mr Brown had to part with his gold watch.

為了籌款，布朗先生不得不賣掉他的金表。

重要詞組短語

1．be familiar with

1)be familiar with 是指“(某人)對(某人、事)熟悉”。

①I' m not very familiar with European history. 我對歐洲歷史不太熟悉。

②I am quite familar with the author. 我很熟悉這位作家。

③I' m familiar with his character. 我很了解他的性格。

【注】以上各句可以改為：

①European history is not familiar to me.

②The author is quite familiar to me.

③His character is familiar to me.

④These facts are familiar to every schoolboy.

這些是每個學生都熟悉的事實。

2)be familiar with/to 還可表示“精通，通曉”。

①He is familiar with four languages.

他通曉四國語言。

②French is as familiar to him as English.

他對法語就象對英語一樣精通。

2．learn…by heart 的用法

learn…by heart 意為“記住；背誦”。例如：

①I have learned the reading materials by heart.

我們已經背會了閱讀材料。

②Have you learned by heart the main points of the article.

這篇文章的主要內容你都能背得出來嗎？

③It' s very difficult for the children to learn the poem by heart.

對孩子們來說背誦那首詩很困難。

3．pass away, pass down, pass on, ＆ pass out

1) pass away 意為“死”，是種委婉說法。

①His mother passed away last year. 去年他母親去世了。

2)pass sth down 意為“把某物一代一代傳下去”。

①This ring has been passed down in my family.

這戒指是我家傳下來的。

3)pass sth. on是“將某物傳、交給(某人)”的意思。

①Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.

那本書你看完了給我。

4)pass out意為“失去知覺，昏厥”。

① When the young man heard the news, he passed out with the shock.

那個年輕人聽到這個消息，由于震驚昏了過去。

4．dance to the music 隨著音樂起舞

這一短語中的to為介詞，表示“隨著”、“伴隨”、“比較”、“適應”等。如：

①Strange enough, the snake began to move to the music.

奇怪的是，蛇隨著音樂的節拍動了起來。

②The girl began to sing to the piano.

這女孩隨著鋼琴唱了起來。

③The picture is true to nature. 那幅畫很逼真。

④The map was drawn to scale. 這地圖是按比例繪制的。

⑤You can add salt to taste. 你可以按照口味加鹽。

⑥We won by six goals to three. 我們以六比三獲勝。

⑦He' s quite rich now to what he used to be.

比起他過去的情形來，他現在很富裕了。

⑧It's nothing to what it might be.

比起它可能的發展，這算不了什么。

常用句型結構

1．I think at the beginning we' d rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music.

1)句中“…’d rather have…”是“… would rather have…”的縮寫，意為

“寧愿”，相當于：“… would prefer to have…” would rather 后接動詞原形，否定式為 would rather not do…；后接從句通常用過去式，表示虛擬語氣。如：

①Which would you rather have, bread or rice?

米飯和面包，你愿吃哪一樣？

②We' d rather not meet them. 我們才不愿見到他們呢。

③I' d much rather you told me the truth. 我真寧愿你把真相告訴我。

④Would you rather I did it? 你是要我干這件事嗎？

2)句中fairly是副詞，意為“相當”解。fairly 的近義詞是rather；它所表示的概念是積極的、令人滿意的，因此多用來修飾某些帶有褒義色彩的形容詞或副詞。如：

① He is a fairly brave boy. 他是一名勇敢的孩子。

②The food in that restaurant is fairly good. 那家餐館的食品挺不錯的。

rather 含有一種消極的、令人不愉快、不滿意的意思，因而像dirty，badly，ugly，terrible 之類的形容詞、副詞就用 rather來修飾。如：

①I am rather tired. I think I will lie down for a rest.

我相當累了，我想躺下歇一會兒。

在用法上，rather可以同too連用(作“稍微……一點”解)，也可修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級；fairly則不能。如：

(×)This lesson is fairly too difficult.

(√)This lesson is rather too difficult.

(×)His composition is fairly finer than we expected.

(√)His composition is rther finer than we expected.

2．there be 結構

1) there be 結構表“存在”，“be”的形式由后面所帶的名詞決定，若后

接一系列事物，而第一個事物為單數，則仍用there is。

①There is a lamp on the table. 桌上有盞燈。

②There are many apple trees in the garden.

花園里有許多蘋果樹。

③There is some cheese and some butter on the plate.

盤子里有一些奶酪和黃油。

④There is a text book, a dictionary and some notebooks on the desk.

桌子上有一本教科書，一本字典和幾本筆記。

2)there be 結構可以用各種一般時態。

①There are many English books in the library.

圖書館里有很多英文書。

②There was a meeting at the club yesterday.

昨天俱樂部有個會。

③There will be a good harvest this year.

今年有個好收成。

④There hasn' t been any rain for some days.

幾天來一直未下雨。

3) there be 結構中可以用情態動詞。

①There may be another downpour tonight.

今晚可能又有大雨。

②There must be something wring.

一定是出什么毛病了。

③There used to be a cinema here before the war.

這里戰前曾有一座電影院。

4)there be 結構還可以用被動式。

①There are now published millions of books every year in China.

現在中國每年出版成百萬冊書。

②On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet.

第二天大擺盛宴。

5)there be 結構還可以用疑問式。

①Is there a telephone in your room? 你房間里有電話嗎？

Yes, there is, 是的，有。 /No, there isn' t, 不，沒有。

②Will there be a meeting tonight? 今晚有會嗎？

Yes, there will. /No, there won' t.

是的，有。 /不，沒有。

③Have there been any letters from Jack lately?

近日有Jack的來信嗎？

Yes, there have. /No, there haven' t.

是的，有。 /不，沒有。

6)there be結構否定式，可在 be后加 not，也可在主語前加 no．

①There isn' t a telephone in the room. 屋里沒電話。

②There aren' t any chairs in the room. 房間里沒有椅子。

③There wasn' t any water in the bottle. 瓶子里沒水。

④There won' t be a meeting tonight. 今晚沒會。

⑤There hasn' t been any rain for ten days. 近十天一直沒有雨。

⑥There is no smoking here. 這里不許抽煙。

⑦There are no books I want. 沒有我需要的書。

7)there be結構除可用 be外，還可用其它動詞。

①There came a scent of lime-blossom.

飄來一陣菩提樹的花香。

②Once upon a time there lived a king in China.

從前中國有一個國王。

③There appears to be a mistake. 似乎有個錯誤。

8)there be 結構的主語之后可接不定式或從句。

①There's plenty of housework to do. 有許多家務要做。

②There was no one for us to talk to.

我們沒有一個可說話的人。

③There' s some people I'd like you to meet.

有幾個人我希望你見見面。

3．動詞prefer后跟復合賓語

1)prefer 后的復合賓語一般都是不定式，即 prefer sb. (not) to do sth.

如：

①They preferred her not to go with them.

他們寧愿她不跟他們去。

②I should prefer you not to go there alone.

我寧愿你不要單獨前往。

③I should prefer you not to stay there too long.

我倒希望你不要在那兒呆得太久。

④At the moment, I should prefer you not to talk about the question.

在這個時刻，我倒希望你不要談論這個問題。

2)用prefer表示“寧愿…不愿”的幾種用法。首先我們看 prefer…to…這一結構，其中to為介詞，后接名詞。這一結構表示“喜歡…而不喜歡…”，介詞to 短語為所不喜歡的人或事物。如：

①I prefer tea to coffee. 咖啡和茶相比，我更喜歡茶。

② He prefers beer to wine. 他喜歡啤酒，而不是葡萄酒。

③John prefers Dickens to Thackery. 約翰喜歡狄更斯而不是薩克雷。

3)當我們要表示主語喜歡或不喜歡的是一種動作時，在 prefer…to…后應分別跟上動名詞。如：

①Few children prefer working to playing.

很少有孩子喜歡干活而不喜歡玩的。

②I prefer reading novels to watching TV.

看小說與看電視相比，我更喜歡看小說。

③He prefers doing to talking.

他寧愿干實事而不愿空談。

4) prefer…rather than…寧愿…而不愿…(跟不定式)

①She preferred to stay home rather than go with us.

她寧愿呆在家里也不愿同我們一起去。

②He prefers to go to the town by bike rather than take a bus.

他寧愿騎自行車去鎮上而不愿乘汽車去。

③I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing.

我寧愿干活不愿坐在那里無所事事。

④In the battle, the soldiers preferred to die rather than give in.

在戰斗中，戰士們寧死也不愿向敵人投降。

【注】prefer…rather than…后面接動詞時，在prefer后接帶to的不定式，

在 rather than后接動詞原形，也可在 prefer…rather than…后分別接名詞。如：

⑤I think I should prefer fish rather than meat.

我想我還是要魚，不要肉。